Group+12

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Danijel B.

__Group 12__​

Elements in group 12 are mercury, zinc, cadmium, and ununbium.all are solids except mercury which is a liquid. Also all are metal including mercury even though its a liquid. All have low melting and boiling point. Also they have a weak metallic bond.They have two electrons on the outer shell __**Mercury**__ __**Basic Facts**__**-** Mercury is a liquid at room temperature and is very shiny. It has the symbol Hg. Also it's atomic number is 80 and atomic mass of 200.6. Its isotopes consist of 202 Hg being the most common with 194 Hg and 203 Hg. The rest have half-lives less then a day.__ __** Physical Properties**__ ** - ** Its freezing point is -38.83°C and boiling point of 356.73°C. It is also a poor conductor of heat but a good conductor of electricity. Also it has a high density. Mercury is insoluble in methylated spirits, gin, vinegar, oil, and dish washing liquids. It is also both malleable and ductile. __** Chemical Properties **__** - **Mercury is not very flammable since it is liquid most of the time. When heated mercury reacts with oxygen to make mercury oxide. Mercury isn't very reactive with acids like sulfuric acids. But acids like concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid can react and make sulfate, nitrate, and chloride salts. __**Uses**__**-** It can be used to for thermometers, preserving wood, and making mirrors **__Fun Fact__-** Mercury is the heaviest liquid element it is so dense that bricks, iron, cannonballs, and lumps of lead float in it. ​
 * History **__** - ** Mercury was found in 1500 BC by Egyptians in Egyptian tombs.
 * __ Common Compounds And Uses __ ** **-** **__Mercury chloride__**- medicine. **__Mercury fluminate__**- explosives. **__Mercury sulfide__**- paint pigments. __**Mercury selenide**__- inferred detector materials.

__**Zinc**__

__**Basic Facts**__**-** zinc is a shiny solid metal at room temperature. It has a symbol of Zn. With an atomic number of 30 and a​t​omic mass of 65.4. And it's electron configuration of [Ar] 3d 10 ​ 4s 2 ​. Its isotopes consist of 64 Zn being the most common with 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn. __**History**__** - ** Zinc was found in 1746 by Andreas Marggraf in Germany. __**Physical Properties**__**-** It has a freezing point of 419.53°C and boiling point of 907°C. It is malleable at 100-150°C but is brittle at 210°C. It is a fair conductor of electricity. And it has hexagonal crystal structure. Zinc is not soluble as a metal but it is as a salt.It is ductile and malleable. __**Chemical Properties**__**-** It is a moderately reactive metal that can react with carbon dioxide to make zinc carbonated. This helps it from getting further reaction with air and water. It isn't flammable. Also it reacts with oxygen by instantly turning into zinc oxide. __**Uses**__**-** It can be used for statues, ancient ornaments, and to make zinc-copper alloys to make brass. __**Fun Fact**__**-** Early studies found that in Transylvania a prehistoric statue was found that contained 87.5% zinc. __**Common Compounds And Use**__**__s__-** __**Zinc oxide**__-plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, rubber (e.g. car tires), lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods (source of Zn nutrient), batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, first aid tapes, etc. __**Zinc chloride**__- has no uses __**Cadmium**__

__**Basic Facts**__**-** Cadmium is a bluish white metallic metal. It has a symbol Cd. With and atomic number of 48 and atomic mass of 112.4. Its isotopes are 113 Cd, 116 Cd, 106 Cd, 108 Cd, 110 Cd, 111 Cd, 112 Cd, and 114 Cd. __**History**__**-** Cadmium was found in 1817 by Friedrich Strohmeyer in Germany. __**Physical Properties**__**-** Cadmium is a soft, malleable, ductile, toxic, bluish-white, metal. It is a good conductor of both heat and electricity or you can say bivalent. It has a freezing point of 321.07°C and a boiling point of 767°C. It is a solid at room temperatures and has a density of 8.65 g/ml. It is soluble in acids but not alkalis. __**Chemical Properties**__**-** Cadmium burns in the air to form a brown amorphous cadmium oxide. Cadmium is not flammable when it is a metel but when its a salt it will burn and have toxic smoke. It burns in oxygen to form cadmium oxide and has a high general activity. __**Uses-**__ It is used for medication to treat enlarged joints, scrofulous glands, and chilblains. __**Fun Fact**__**-** For 100 years Germany was the only important producer of cadmium. __**Common Compounds And Uses**__**-** __**Cadmium oxide**__- thin films, __**Cadmium chloride**__- yellow pigment. __**Cadmium nitrate**__- Coloring glass and flash powder for cameras. __**Ununbium**__

__**Basic Facts**__**-** Ununbium is a synthetic radioactive chemical element. It has a temporary symbol of Uub. With an atomic number of 112. There is no specific freezing and boiling point because it was only real for a millisecond. Also it has no stable isotopes because it wasn't real long enough. __**History**__**-**  Ununbium was discovered by S. Hofmann, V. Ninov and F. Hessbuger at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (Darmstadt,Germany) in 1996. __**Physical Properties**__**-** Really no physical properties since wasn't real long enough. __**Chemical Properties**__**-** Really no chemical properties either because wasn't real long enough. __**Uses-**__ No uses wasn't real long enough. __**Fun Fact**__**-** Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung decided its permanent name to be copernicium and symbol Cn. This name will be officially endorsed in January 2010 but will take six months for discussion. __**Common Compounds And Uses**__**-** No compounds because wasn't real long enough

All atomic masses where from "Introduction to matter" science book. Pg 109-108 encyclopedia Britannica

.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_12_element - Group 12

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element) - Mercury

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium - Cadmium

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc - Zinc

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununbium - Ununbium