Group+11

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By: Lauren J.

​  Group 11 on the Periodic Table

**__Group 11 on the Periodic Table Definition__**- Includes Copper, Silver, Gold and Unununium. They are all solids at room temperature, they are all transition metals and they all have only one electron in their outer shell.

__**Basic Facts **__


 Copper Atomic Number: 29 Atomic Mass: 63.5 Symbol: Cu Isotopes: 24 Copper has been around for as long as we have known and nobody really remembers who discovered it.Copper was, however, uncovered quite some time ago, some records suggest around 4,000 B.C., one of the oldest metals known to man kind. Copper was also first unearthed by the ancient Egyptians. Freezing Point: 1084ºC Boiling Point: 2,560ºC Solubility: Is soluble in other metals and some acids. Electron Configuration: Reactivity With Oxygen: When copper is exposed to oxygen, it begins to form Copper Oxide. Flammability: None General Reactivity: Reacts with acids and if water and air are present, copper will slowly corrode to form the carbonate verdigris often seen on roofs and statues. Density: 8.933 g/cm³ Ductility: Very Ductile Malleability: Malleable Phase at Room Temperature: Solid Electrical Conductivity: 60.7 x 106 S m-1 Thermal Conductivity: 401 W m-1 K-1 __Compounds and Their Uses:__ Malachite-CuCO³ which is a green semiprecious stone. Another one is Azurite-Cu²CO³, a blue crystal. Some more common compounds that contain copper are: Fun Fact: Copper used to be used as scrolls instead of animal skins in ancient times.



Silver Atomic Number: 47 Atomic Mass: 107.9 Symbol: Ag Isotopes: 35 Silver, as copper was, was discovered by the ancients and sadly, we have no record of when or where silver was discovered. Freezing Point: 962ºC Boiling Point: 2,155ºC Solubility: Is soluble in copper and other metals and it dissolves in dissolves in mercury, forming amalgam alloys. Electron Configuration: Reactivity With Oxygen: Remains stable when it comes into contact with oxygen. Flammability: None General Reactivity: Not normally but it becomes dull when exposed to sulfur compounds in air or water to form a black sulfide layer. Density: 10.5 g/cm³ Ductility: Ductile Malleability: Malleable Phase at Room Temperature: Solid Electrical Conductivity: 63.0 x 106 S m-1 Thermal Conductivity: 429 W m-1 K-1 __Compounds and Their Uses:__ Silver chloride is one compound (AgCl) and is used in photography. Fun Fact: Most silver salts are poisonous.

Gold Atomic Number: 79 Atomic Mass: 197 Symbol: Au Isotopes: 35 Nobody knows who first discovered this glimmering element, all we do know is that the earliest record of this substance was some time in 3,000 B.C. Freezing Point: 1,065ºC Boiling Point: 2,850ºC Solubility: Gold dissolves in [|mercury], forming [|amalgam] alloys, and dissolves in alkaline solutions of potassium or sodium [|cyanide]. Electron Configuration: Reactivity With Oxygen: None Flammability: None General Reactivity: Does not really react with anything except very slowly with some acids and chlorine gas.It also reacts with [|aqua regia] (a mixture of acids), forming [|chloroauric acid], and by alkaline solutions of [|cyanide]. Density: 19.32 g/cm³ Ductility: Ductile Malleability: Malleable Phase at Room Temperature: Solid Electrical Conductivity: 48.8 x 106 S m-1 Thermal Conductivity: 318 W m-1 K-1 __Compounds and Their Uses:__ Gold oxide is one of Gold's compounds and can be used in glass, optic, and ceramic applications. Fun Fact: A single gram of gold can be pounded into a one square meter sheet of gold leaf.



Unununium Atomic Number: 111 Atomic Mass: 272 Symbol: Uuu Isotopes: Unununium doesn't exist long enough to know any. Unununium was discovered in December1994 by chemist S. Hofmann who was working with the Heavy Ion Research Labratory in Darmstadt, Germany.



Websites used Unununium Discovered info. from: http://www.ktf-split.hr/periodni/en/uuu.html used lenntech.com repeatadly my science book chemicool.com a lot as well [] [|http://www.britannica.com] encyclopedia [|http://webmineral.com] [|http://www.jewelrysupplier.com] [|http://www.eurocopper.org] []

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